Abstract: Advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)technology are fostering new forms of productivity in the low-altitude economy and creating an urgent demand for the development and utilization of low-altitude airspace.As a core enabler in this context,geospatial surveying and mapping provides the safety assurance and information backbone needed for high-density,highly dynamic,and high-precision low-altitude flight.However,the low-altitude economy is still in its infancy,and how geospatial information can effectively support its development has become a key scientific question.This paper systematically analyzes the sources of risk in low-altitude flight and clarifies the critical technical roles of geospatial information in risk quantification,route planning,navigation,and applications.Firstly,we review domestic and international frameworks and methods for risk quantification,summarizing approaches driven by both static and dynamic data such as terrain features,3D buildings,and human mobility.Secondly,at the level of low-altitude route planning,we outline an evolutionary pathway from single-UAV trajectory planning,to multi-UAV network optimization,and ultimately to the construction of low-altitude route maps,and we discuss key techniques for local path planning,route-network design,and route-map generation.Thirdly,in the domain of high-precision navigation,we introduce the emerging “BeiDou+low-altitude” navigation system,which provides positioning and routing services for low-altitude operations.Finally,we examine the industrial applications of geospatial information in low-altitude surveying,low-altitude transportation,and low-altitude emergency response.Overall,geospatial surveying and mapping constitute essential public digital infrastructure for the large-scale and intelligent development of the low-altitude economy.

Key words: low-altitude economy, low-altitude route map, risk quantification, route planning, low-altitude navigation, low-altitude economy applications