Abstract: The healthcare is greatly related to the health and well-being of the residents, but previous studies have more often focused on hospitals, ignoring the other health resources allocation and spatial correlation, such as pharmacies and clinics. This paper takes the main city of Guiyang as an example, field surveys to investigate different medicine systems such as different level public hospitals, private clinics and pharmacies, and researches the variability and factors in the spatial distribution of urban healthcare by using spatial analysis methods, such as kernel density and geographic detector.The results show that, the spatial allocation of healthcare in the main city of Guiyang is characterized by dense inside and sparse outside, forming a spatial structure of "one center, one belt, and multiple points". "One center, one belt" means public medical resources hierarchical agglomeration patterns, especial the different level public hospitals, such as the secondary and tertiary medical institutions, and ‘multiple points’ means the community hospitals, the private clinics and the pharmacies homogeneous distribution patterns. The spatial allocation of health resources is significantly influenced by factors such as residential land use, road density and population density, but there are differences in the influencing factors for different types of health resources.

Key words: geographic detector, healthcare resources, allocation, influencing factors, main city of Guiyang