Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (8): 8-13,20.doi: 10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2026.0802

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PPP-WAR positioning performance analysis based on MADOCA satellite-based augmentation service

Jiao Hui1, Shi Shangfeng1, Zheng Kai1,2   

  1. 1. School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • Received:2025-11-27 Published:2026-09-12

Abstract: [Purposes] Real-time,high-precision GNSS positioning is critical for applications such as autonomous driving and unmanned aerial vehicle navigation.Precise point positioning with WL ambiguity resolution (PPP-WAR)offers rapid decimeter-level accuracy but is often limited by network communication,hindering offline use. [Methods] Therefore,this paper proposes a PPP-WAR algorithm based on factor graph optimization and MADOCA-PPP service,validated through simulated kinematic tests and vehicle-borne experiments in urban environments. [Findings] Results show that using the WL UPD products for ambiguity fixation,the method achieved positioning accuracies of 0.54,0.58,and 1.06 m in the E,N and U directions,representing improvements of 28.6%,3.6%,and 25.3% over the float solution,with convergence time shortened by approximately 30%.However,the WL UPD derived from OSB provided by MADOCA showed lower temporal stability,with an standard deviation of approximately 0.02 to 0.03 cycles,leading to a slight degradation in PPP-WAR performance. [Conclusions] Overall,both approaches achieved accuracy comparable to solutions based on WHU real-time precise products.

Key words: MADOCA-PPP, PPP-WAR, factor graph optimization, GPS, Galileo

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