Abstract: This paper uses the Nich index to study the differences in the development rate of county economy in Henan province from 2005 to 2019, uses the cold and hot spot model to analyze the evolution of the spatio-temporal pattern of economic development, and uses the geographical detector to analyze the leading influencing factors of the county economic difference in Henan. The results show that the vitality of county economic development in Henan is basically consistent with the local economic development level in spatial distribution, the county economic differences show a trend of polarization, and developed cities have a radiating driving effect on the surrounding counties.The pattern of cold and hot spots of the county economy development in Henan is relatively stable, and the hot spots are mainly distributed in the northwest with Zhengzhou and Jiyuan as the core. The main factors affecting the county economy in Henan are the added value of secondary industry, economic base, per capita disposable income and the general public budget expenditure, and the interaction between factors is enhanced by two factors.

Key words: county, economic difference, impact factor, geodetector, Henan