Atmospheric water vapor retrieval over China's Taiwan Island using combined IGS/Sentinel-1/ERA5 multi-source data

doi:10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2026.0207

Abstract

Abstract: Aiming at solving the uncertain problems result from the various differences in the atmospheric water vapor inversion process between GNSS and InSAR techniques,this paper proposes a high-precision,spatially continuous atmospheric water vapor inversion method that integrates multi-source data from IGS,Sentinel-1,ERA5.Firstly,taking China's Taiwan Island as the study area,tropospheric delays are extracted from interferograms generated by Sentinel-1A data of 72 scenes in 2023.Secondly,InSAR dry delays are verified and corrected by IGS station dry delays.Then,the geometric differences between GNSS and InSAR observations are overcome by mapping functions.And then,spatial continuous water vapor conversion coefficients are calculated by ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data.Finally,the accuracy of InSAR PWV inversion is verified by sounding station and IGS station PWV data.The results indicate that compared with PWV measurements from sounding stations and IGS stations,the average deviation of InSAR PWV is less than 0.71 mm,and the root mean square error is less than 1.63 mm.By incorporating GNSS-based quality control in the calculation of dry delay and water vapor conversion coefficients,InSAR enables high-precision,spatially continuous,and finely detailed atmospheric water vapor retrieval,thereby establishing a foundation for monitoring atmospheric water vapor distribution in mountainous regions with complex terrain.

Key words: GNSS, InSAR, atmospheric delay, precipitable water vapor, water vapor conversion factor

CLC Number:

P237

ZHOU Lei, LI Dewei, LI Xiaohong, DI Guishuan. Atmospheric water vapor retrieval over China's Taiwan Island using combined IGS/Sentinel-1/ERA5 multi-source data[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2026, 0(2): 38-45.

References

[1] 邓南山,刘洋,李小伟,等.基于北斗/GNSS PWV数据构建的短临强降雨模型及其应用[J].测绘通报,2024(9):96-100.
[2] 姚欢欢,党亚民,许长辉,等.不同气候类型北斗反演大气可降水量性能分析[J].测绘科学,2022,47(10):21-28.
[3] YU Chen,PENNA N T,LI Zhenhong.Generation of real-time mode high-resolution water vapor fields from GPS observations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2017,122(3):2008-2025.
[4] CARDELLACH E,RIUS A.A new technique to sense non-Gaussian features of the sea surface from L-band bi-static GNSS reflections[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(6):2927-2937.
[5] YAO Yibin,SUN Zhangyu,XU Chaoqian.Applicability of bevis formula at different height levels and global weighted mean temperature model based on near-earth atmospheric temperature[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science,2020,3(1):1-11.
[6] 姚宜斌,赵庆志.GNSS对流层水汽监测研究进展与展望[J].测绘学报,2022,51(6):935-952.
[7] ZHAO Yuling,ZHANG Ce,WANG Shuaimin,et al.Trends in precipitable water vapor in North America based on GNSS observation and ERA5 reanalysis[J].Climate Dynamics,2025,63(2):94.
[8] MATEUS P,TOMÉ R,NICO G,et al.Three-dimensional variational assimilation of InSAR PWV using the WRFDA model[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2016,54(12):7323-7330.
[9] 赵庆志,马智,姚宜斌,等.GNSS辅助风云三号卫星MERSI近红外通道的大气可降水量反演方法[J].测绘学报,2024,53(2):306-320.
[10] ALSHAWAF F,HINZ S,MAYER M,et al.Constructing accurate maps of atmospheric water vapor by combining interferometric synthetic aperture radar and GNSS observations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2015,120(4):1391-1403.
[11] 唐伟,廖明生,张丽,等.基于全球气象再分析资料的InSAR对流层延迟改正研究[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(2):527-540.
[12] GUO Qiuying,YU Miao,LI Dewei,et al.Retrieval of high-precision precipitable water vapour maps using Sentinel-1A and BeiDou satellite data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2023,44(22):7085-7105.
[13] MATSUZAWA K,KINOSHITA Y.Error evaluation of L-band InSAR precipitable water vapor measurements by comparison with GNSS observations in Japan[J].Remote Sensing,2021,13(23):4866.
[14] GUO Qiuying,YU Miao,LI Dewei,et al.An optimized framework for precipitable water vapor mapping using TS-InSAR and GNSS[J].Atmosphere,2023,14(11):1674.
[15] HANSSEN R F,WECKWERTH T M,ZEBKER H A,et al.High-resolution water vapor mapping from interferometric radar measurements[J].Science,1999,283(5406):1297-1299.
[16] 郭秋英,黄守凯,李德伟,等.哨兵1号的对流层湿延迟变化提取与分析[J].导航定位学报,2023,11(2):203-210.
[17] 孟昊霆,张克非,杨震,等.GPT2/GPT2w+Saastamoinen模型ZTD估计的亚洲地区精度分析[J].测绘科学,2020,45(8):70-76.
[18] BEVIS M,CHISWELL S,BUSINGER S,et al.Estimating wet delays using numerical weather analyses and predictions[J].Radio Science,1996,31(3):477-487.
[19] BOEHM J,KOUBA J,SCHUH H.Forecast Vienna mapping functions 1 for real-time analysis of space geodetic observations[J].Journal of Geodesy,2009,83(5):397-401.
[20] VÁZQUEZ B G E,GREJNER-BRZEZINSKA D A.GPS-PWV estimation and validation with radiosonde data and numerical weather prediction model in Antarctica[J].GPS Solutions,2013,17(1):29-39.