面向数字孪生城市的自然场景构造方法

doi:10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2022.0209

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 自然场景内要素种类繁多、结构复杂,在数字孪生城市中还原自然场景具有挑战性。数字孪生城市中的自然场景不仅要使用高逼真的三维模型,还要能表现自然环境中要素的生长过程、结构组成和分布规律,同时满足不同尺度下的场景变换,构造出既符合空间分布规律又具有沉浸式体验的场景。本文从自然场景构造过程的角度分析了场景构造的4个关键技术问题,回顾了目前场景要素建模和场景构造方法,并提出了一种面向数字孪生城市的自然场景构造技术框架。

关键词: 自然场景构造, 数字孪生城市, 三维重建, 建模与可视化

Abstract: The digital twin city seeks to restore the urban scene that is close to the reality and provides immersive experience based on the completeness of the urban entity. Natural scene plays an important role in urban scenes. However, natural scene construction faces many challenges due to its diverse types, complex structure and indeterminate location of the scene components. With the development of digital twin city, natural scene construction requires not only high-quality 3D models of scene components but also their ecological characteristics such as growth processes, structural compositions and distribution rules in the natural environment to cope with scene simulations at different scales. Moreover, these structural-functional models result in an in-depth scene visualization that facilitate both better spatial cognition and immersive experience. This paper identifies the key issues of natural scene construction from the perspective of the scene construction process, reviews the relevant, state-of-art techniques and methods of 3D scene construction, and further proposes a natural scene construction framework for digital twin city.

Key words: natural scene construction, digital twin cities, 3D reconstruction, modelling and visualization

中图分类号:

P208

贺彪, 郭仁忠, 张琛, 马丁, 王伟玺, 洪武扬, 陈业滨. 面向数字孪生城市的自然场景构造方法[J]. 测绘通报, 2022, 0(7): 87-92.

HE Biao, GUO Renzhong, ZHANG Chen, MA Ding, WANG Weixi, HONG Wuyang, CHEN Yebin. A natural scene construction method for digital twin cities[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2022, 0(7): 87-92.

参考文献

[1] 李德仁.数字孪生城市智慧城市建设的新高度[J].中国勘察设计,2020(10):13-14.
[2] 顾建祥,杨必胜,董震,等.面向数字孪生城市的智能化全息测绘[J].测绘通报,2020(6):134-140.
[3] 张新长,李少英,周启鸣,等.建设数字孪生城市的逻辑与创新思考[J].测绘科学,2021,46(3):147-152,168.
[4] 刘波,王章野,王丽英,等.大规模城市场景的高效建模及其实时绘制[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2008,20(9):1153-1162.
[5] 周圣川,马纯永,陈戈.城市三维场景的逆过程式建模与混合渲染方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2015,27(1):88-97.
[6] 朱利,岳爱珍,周聪.面向城市建筑物3D点云模型的快速绘制方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2015,27(8):1442-1450.
[7] 韩福波,汪云海,南亮亮,等.数据驱动的建筑物立面重建[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2015,27(11):2025-2030.
[8] 赵春江,陆声链,郭新宇,等.数字植物研究进展:植物形态结构三维数字化[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3415-3428.
[9] 刘丹,诸叶平,刘海龙,等.植物三维可视化研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2015,17(1):23-31.
[10] WEBER J,PENN J.Creation and rendering of realistic trees[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.[S.l.]:ACM,1995:119-128.
[11] 唐丽玉,王灵霞,陈崇成,等.生长模型驱动的单株杉木三维动态模拟[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(6):668-674.
[12] 林定,陈崇成,唐丽玉,等.基于参数曲线及其所围面积的三维树木建模[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(3):367-374.
[13] SHLYAKHTER I,ROZENOER M,DORSEY J,et al.Reconstructing 3D tree models from instrumented photographs[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,2001,21(3):53-61.
[14] QUAN Long,TAN Ping,ZENG Gang,et al.Image-based plant modeling[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics,2006,25(3):599-604.
[15] TAN Ping,FANG Tian,XIAO Jianxiong,et al.Single image tree modeling[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics,2008,27(5):1-7.
[16] GUÉNARD J,MORIN G,BOUDON F,et al.Reconstructing plants in 3D from a single image using analysis-by-synthesis[C]//Proceedings of 2013 Advances in Visual Computing.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2013:322-332.
[17] SHRESTHA D S,STEWARD B L.Automatic corn plant population measurement using machine vision[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2003,46(2):559-565.
[18] 唐丽玉,张浩,黄洪宇,等.基于点云数据的树木三维重建方法改进[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):186-194.
[19] 王向玉,谢东辉,汪艳,等.基于地面激光雷达点云数据的单木三维重建[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(3):455-460.
[20] 朱庆,李世明,胡翰,等.面向三维城市建模的多点云数据融合方法综述[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2018,43(12):1962-1971.
[21] 王蕾,陈崇成,唐丽玉.集成虚拟森林环境与景观指数计算模型的森林景观格局分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(2):281-288.
[22] CHOU C Y,SONG Bo,HEDDEN R L,et al.Three-dimensional landscape visualizations:new technique towards wildfire and forest bark beetle management[J].Forests,2010,1(2):82-98.
[23] BERGER U,HILDENBRANDT H.A new approach to spatially explicit modelling of forest dynamics:spacing,ageing and neighbourhood competition of mangrove trees[J].Ecological Modelling,2000,132(3):287-302.
[24] 单梁,杨刚,黄心渊.森林动态演替现象的可视化模拟[J].中国图象图形学报,2013,18(12):1666-1675.
[25] 李佳祺,高亦远,佘江峰.基于植被分布特征的森林景观建模方法[J].测绘学报,2018,47(8):1133-1140.
[26] BRADBURY G A,SUBR K,KONIARIS C,et al.Guided ecological simulation for artistic editing of plant distributions in natural scenes[J].Journal of computer Graphics Techniques,2015,4(4):28-53.
[27] ONRUST B,BIDARRA R,ROOSEBOOM R,et al.Ecologically sound procedural generation of natural environments[J].International Journal of Computer Games Technology,2017,2017:7057141.
[28] SOARES-FILHO B S,CERQUEIRA G C,PENNACHIN C L.Dinamica-a stochastic cellular automata model designed to simulate the landscape dynamics in an Amazonian colonization frontier[J].Ecological Modelling,2002,154(3):217-235.
[29] SCHELLER R M,DOMINGO J B,STURTEVANT B R,et al.Design,development,and application of LANDIS-Ⅱ,a spatial landscape simulation model with flexible temporal and spatial resolution[J].Ecological Modelling,2007,201(3/4):409-419.
[30] LETT C,SILBER C,BARRET N.Comparison of a cellular automata network and an individual-based model for the simulation of forest dynamics[J].Ecological Modelling,1999,121(2/3):277-293.
[31] DEUSSEN O,HANRAHAN P,LINTERMANN B,et al.Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems[C]//Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.[S.l.]:SIGGRAPH,1998:275-286.
[32] WANG Xianli,SONG Bo,CHEN Jiquan,et al.Visualizing forest landscapes using public data sources[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,75(1/2):111-124.
[33] GAIN J,LONG H,CORDONNIER G,et al.EcoBrush:interactive control of visually consistent large-scale ecosystems[J].Computer Graphics Forum,2017,36(2):63-73.
[34] ALSWEIS M,DEUSSEN O.Wang-tiles for the simulation and visualization of plant competition[C]//Proceedings of 2006 Advances in Computer Graphics.Switzerland:Springer Nature,2006.
[35] LANE B,PRUSINKIEWICZ P.Generating spatial distributions for multilevel models of plant communities[C]//Proceedings of 2002 Graphics Interface and Conferences Vision Interface 2002.Calgary:[s.n.],2002.
[36] 自然资源部印发《实景三维中国建设技术大纲(2021版)》[J].城市规划通讯,2021(17):9.
[37] 张帆,黄先锋,高云龙,等.实景三维中国建设技术大纲(2021版)解读与思考[J].测绘地理信息,2021,46(6):171-174.