融合GRACE卫星与水井观测数据的华北平原地下水时空变化

doi:10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2026.0910

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]针对华北平原因过度开采导致的地下水枯竭问题，本文旨在研究降水与人为活动对区域地下水变化的影响。[方法]基于GRACE卫星反演2002—2024年的地下水储量(GWS)变化，并结合实测水井数据进行联合分析。[结果]结果表明，华北平原地下水长期处于亏缺状态，但自2021年起呈恢复态势。GRACE卫星与水井数据共同证实，2021和2022年GWS增长显著，两者揭示的年度变化趋势(先降后升)与季节性特征基本一致。空间上，严重枯竭区集中于山前平原及邯郸、北京周边； 2021—2023年强降雨后多数区域开始回升。此外，南水北调工程对缓解区域地下水亏损具有积极作用。[结论]研究表明，降水与跨流域调水等人为干预对华北平原地下水恢复具有重要影响，该区域地下水系统在自然与人为共同作用下呈一定的恢复态势。

关键词: GRACE, 华北平原, 地下水储量变化, 南水北调, 地下水监测

Abstract: [Purposes] To address the issue of groundwater depletion caused by overexploitation in North China Plain,this study aims to investigate the impacts of precipitation and human activities on regional groundwater changes.[Methods] Groundwater storage (GWS)changes in North China Plain from 2002 to 2024 were retrieved using GRACE satellites,and joint analysis was conducted in combination with in-situ well observations.[Findings] The results show that GWS in North China Plain has long been in a deficit state but has exhibited a recovery trend since 2021.Both GRACE satellite data and groundwater well observations confirm that GWS increased significantly in 2021 and 2022,and the interannual trends (initially decreasing and then increasing)and seasonal characteristics revealed by the two datasets are generally consistent.Spatially,severely depleted areas are concentrated in the piedmont plain and the vicinities of Handan and Beijing.After heavy rainfall events from 2021 to 2023,most regions began to recover.In addition,the South-to-North Water Diversion project has played a positive role in mitigating regional groundwater depletion.[Conclusions] The study demonstrates that rainfall and human interventions such as inter-basin water transfer have significant impacts on groundwater recovery in North China Plain.The groundwater system in this region shows a certain restorative trend under the combined effects of natural and anthropogenic factors．

Key words: GRACE, North China Plain, groundwater storage changes, the South-to-North Water Diversion, groundwater monitoring

中图分类号:

P237

王子祎, 陶庭叶, 房兴博, 戴菊, 屈小川. 融合GRACE卫星与水井观测数据的华北平原地下水时空变化[J]. 测绘通报, 2026, 0(9): 67-74.

Wang Ziyi, Tao Tingye, Fang Xingbo, Dai Ju, Qu Xiaochuan. Temporal and spatial variation of groundwater in North China Plain using data from GRACE satellites and monitoring wells[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2026, 0(9): 67-74.

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链接本文: http://tb.chinasmp.com/CN/10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2026.0910

http://tb.chinasmp.com/CN/Y2026/V0/I9/67

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