测绘通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (9): 171-176.doi: 10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2026.0925

• 技术交流 • 上一篇    下一篇

分层ICP点云钢结构精密配准及关键螺孔尺寸检测

陈禹成1, 廉旭刚1, 詹新彬2, 张羽2, 李毅彪1, 陈春阳1, 蔡音飞1, 胡海峰1   

  1. 1. 太原理工大学地球科学与测绘工程学院, 山西 太原 030024;
    2. 北京城建集团有限责任公司, 北京 100088
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-26 发布日期:2026-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 廉旭刚。E-mail:lianxugang@tyut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈禹成(2001—),男,硕士生,研究方向为3S技术集成及其应用。E-mail:1184989107@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划联合资助重点项目(202303011221001)

Precise registration of steel structure based on layered ICP point cloud and detection method of key screw hole size

Chen Yucheng1, Lian Xugang1, Zhan Xinbin2, Zhang Yu2, Li Yibiao1, Chen Chunyang1, Cai Yinfei1, Hu Haifeng1   

  1. 1. College of Geological and Surveying Engineering, Taiyuan Unicersity of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
    2. Beijing Urban Construction Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
  • Received:2025-11-26 Published:2026-10-09

摘要: [目的]针对目前钢结构建筑预安装过程中施工现场环境复杂、人工检验效率低下等问题,本文以太原机场航站楼为工程背景,提出了一种分层ICP点云配准算法。[方法]该方法将点云沿主方向分层后逐层执行ICP配准,并自适应选取最优匹配结果,解决了数据采集过程中受环境限制导致的点云重叠率低、点云配准失败的问题。为快速检测构件螺栓孔制品误差值,基于点云主平面投影与二维形态学分析孔洞特征,提出了一种融合图像处理机制的螺栓孔自动识别方法。[结果]结果表明,利用分层ICP算法配准后,匹配度较传统算法提升15%以上,螺栓孔识别准确率在94%以上。[结论]该方法已在钢结构预安装阶段得到验证,可为现场提供数据支持,显著提升施工效率与装配精度。

关键词: 三维激光扫描技术, 钢结构检测, 点云配准, 目标识别

Abstract: [Purposes] Aiming at the problems of complex construction site environment and low efficiency of manual inspection in the pre-installation process of steel structure buildings,this paper proposes a hierarchical ICP point cloud registration algorithm based on the engineering background of Taiyuan Airport Terminal.[Methods] This method stratifies the point cloud along the main direction and performs ICP registration layer by layer,and adaptively selects the optimal matching result,which solves the problem of low point cloud overlap rate and point cloud registration failure caused by environmental constraints in the data acquisition process.In order to quickly detect the error value of component bolt hole products,based on the point cloud main plane projection and two-dimensional morphological analysis of hole characteristics,an automatic bolt hole recognition method based on image processing mechanism is proposed.[Findings]The results show that the matching degree of the hierarchical ICP algorithm is more than 15% higher than that of the traditional algorithm,and the accuracy of bolt hole recognition is more than 94%.[Conclusions]This method has been verified in the pre-installation stage of steel structure,which can provide data support for the site and significantly improve the construction efficiency and assembly accuracy.

Key words: 3D laser scanning technology, steel structure detection, point cloud registration, target recognition

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