Abstract: [Purposes] This paper constructs a railway geographic network model integrating geographical attributes and topological characteristics，evaluates the changes of network structure and function under different attack strategies，and analyzes the vulnerability of railway network structure，so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the anti-interference ability of railway transportation system. [Methods] Based on the GIS technology and complex network theory，the Chinese railway geographic network is constructed using the Space L modeling method.Topological characteristics such as clustering coefficient，degree distribution，and betweenness centrality are analyzed.Taking the relative size of the giant connected component and network global efficiency as evaluation indicators，simulation strategies including random attack，initial degree/betweenness attack，and recalculated degree/betweenness attack are designed using Python and NetworkX to systematically evaluate the response of the network under node and edge failures. [Findings] The Chinese railway geographic network exhibits both small-world and scale-free characteristics，with significant spatial clustering effects.Intentional attacks cause more severe damage to network connectivity and global efficiency than random attacks.Among them，the recalculated betweenness attack reduces the giant connected component by nearly 100%in the early stage，and the network global efficiency approaches zero in the middle and late stages of the attack.Under random attacks，the network maintains relatively strong resilience. [Conclusions] The vulnerability of the railway geographic network is highly dependent on the distribution of key nodes and edges，and the recalculated betweenness attack can more accurately identify network weak links．

Key words: railway geographic network, complex network, GIS, vulnerability analysis, attack strategy