Abstract: UAV aerial photography has the characteristics of very high resolution(VHR) and short revisit period. By using UAV remote sensing technology to dynamically monitor the construction activities in urban areas, suspected illegal construction activities can be identified promptly. In this paper, the method of detecting and discovering illegal building by using convolutional neural networks in some project on remote sensing data production is researched. Thus, past mode of manual inspection can be replaced. Good results are achieved in the test areas where the sample data is less than 5000 with the optimal precision of 71% and recall of 88%. With the continuous increase of sample data, the precision and recall rate can be improved greatly based on the proposed method, and illegal activities can be found more accurately. The research shows great potential applications.

Key words: VHR, remote sensing, UAV, deep learning, object detection, illegal building