基于点云特征提取的桥梁节段虚拟拼装方法

doi:10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2025.0810

测绘通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (8): 62-69.doi: 10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2025.0810

基于点云特征提取的桥梁节段虚拟拼装方法

王雷¹, 李盛¹, 丁小平², 李瑞杰², 张玉元¹, 邓文³

1. 兰州交通大学土木工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730070;
2. 宁夏公路管理中心, 宁夏银川 750011;
3. 中交第二航务工程局有限公司, 湖北武汉 430040

收稿日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-02
作者简介:王雷(1999—),男,硕士,研究方向为桥梁智能检测。E-mail:3013738961@qq.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BEG02056);兰州市科技计划(2024-4-4)

Virtual assembly method of bridge components based on point cloud feature extraction

WANG Lei¹, LI Sheng¹, DING Xiaoping², LI Ruijie², ZHANG Yuyuan¹, DENG Wen³

1. School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Ningxia Highway Management Center, Yinchuan 750011, China;
3. CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Company Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China

Received:2024-12-30 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对目前大型梁桥工程应用中虚拟预拼装技术存在的数据量巨大、不适用于栓接结构、仅考虑1+1拼接等问题,本文以沙坡头黄河公路大桥为工程背景,提出了基于点云特征提取的钢梁节段虚拟拼装方法。该虚拟拼装方法使用局部+整体扫描的策略解决了数据采集时间长、运算量大的问题,通过统计离群点移除(SOR)算法、空间采样算法等完成对点云数据的去噪和降采样处理;为了对栓接构件进行虚拟拼装,基于随机抽样一致(RANSAC)拟合算法提出平面识别分割、空间点云投影降维、三维点云圆孔拟合及圆孔中心坐标提取方法;针对构件虚拟拼装仅考虑1+1拼接的问题,基于迭代最近点(ICP)算法提出了从加工偏差到拼接偏差的整体虚拟预拼装方法。工程应用表明,扫描识别与测量的误差最大为0.15 mm,虚拟拼装的该节段拼接合格率为97%,比传统的方法更全面、更精确。该方法具有自动化程度高、模拟效果好且适用于整体结构的优点,可为大型桥梁钢梁节段的虚拟拼装提供技术支撑。

关键词: 钢梁节段, 栓接结构, 点云, 虚拟预拼装, RANSAC, 拼装偏差

Abstract: Aiming at the current virtual preassembly technology in the application of large-scale girder bridge project,which has the problems of huge data volume,not applicable to bolted structure,and only considering 1+1 splicing,etc,the virtual assembly method of steel girder sections based on point cloud feature extraction is proposed with Shapotou Yellow River highway bridge as the engineering background.The virtual assembling method uses the strategy of local+overall scanning to solve the problem of long data acquisition time and large computing capacity,and the denoising and downsampling of point cloud data is completed by SOR algorithm and spatial sampling algorithm,etc.In order to carry out virtual assembling of bolted components,the planar identification segmentation,spatial point cloud projection downsampling,three-dimensional point cloud circular hole fitting and circular hole center coordinate extraction methods are proposed based on the RANSAC fitting algorithm.Finally,to the problem that only 1+1 splicing is considered in the virtual assembly of components,an overall virtual preassembly method is proposed based on the ICP algorithm from the processing deviation to the splicing deviation.The engineering application shows that the maximum error of scanning recognition and measurement is 0.15 mm,and the qualification rate of virtual assembly of the segment is 97%,which is more comprehensive and accurate than the traditional method; this method has the advantages of high automation,fast simulation efficiency,and is applicable to the whole structure,and it can provide technical support for the virtual assembly of steel girder segments of large bridges.

Key words: steel girder segments, bolted structures, point cloud, virtual preassembly, RANSAC, assembly deviation

中图分类号:

P258

王雷, 李盛, 丁小平, 李瑞杰, 张玉元, 邓文. 基于点云特征提取的桥梁节段虚拟拼装方法[J]. 测绘通报, 2025, 0(8): 62-69.

WANG Lei, LI Sheng, DING Xiaoping, LI Ruijie, ZHANG Yuyuan, DENG Wen. Virtual assembly method of bridge components based on point cloud feature extraction[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2025, 0(8): 62-69.

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基于点云特征提取的桥梁节段虚拟拼装方法

Virtual assembly method of bridge components based on point cloud feature extraction

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