面向城市结构形态的地图认知负荷差异眼动试验研究

doi:10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2024.0317

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在空间认知领域,随着技术的进步,地图出现了三维地图、影像地图、虚拟地图等新的形式,同时带来了地图认知适用性不清、认知负荷差异缺乏量化的问题。本文针对面向城市结构形态认知问题,以二维地图、三维地图、影像地图、航拍地图图片为例,采用问卷调查、眼动试验和量表分析相结合的方法,研究不同类型地图的认知作用,同时关注其中的性别差异。结果显示,地图类型与性别两个变量均对地图认知负荷产生一定影响,组间差异显著;二维地图适用性较好,男性认知负荷与认知效果高于女性。

关键词: 空间认知, 地图, 眼动试验, 认知负荷, 城市结构

Abstract: In the field of spatial cognition, with the advancement of cartographic technology, 3D maps, image maps, virtual maps and so on are appeared, which brings about the problem of unclear applicability of map cognition, and lack of quantitative research on differences in cognitive load. This paper is oriented to the problem of urban structural form cognition, taking 2D maps, 3D maps, image maps and aerial map pictures as examples, and adopting the methods of questionnaire survey, eye movement experiment and scale analysis to study the cognitive roles of different types of maps, and at the same time to play attention to the gender differences therein. The results show that both map type and gender variables had a certain effect on the cognitive load of maps with significant differences between groups; 2D maps are more applicable, and the cognitive load and cognitive effect of men are higher than that of women.

Key words: spatial cognition, map, eye movement experiment, cognitive load, urban structure

中图分类号:

黎雪儿, 郑束蕾. 面向城市结构形态的地图认知负荷差异眼动试验研究[J]. 测绘通报, 2024, 0(3): 101-106.

LI Xue'er, ZHENG Shulei. An experimental eye-tracking study of map cognitive load differences for urban structural patterns[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2024, 0(3): 101-106.

参考文献

[1] 高俊,曹雪峰. 空间认知推动地图学学科发展的新方向[J].测绘学报,2021,50(6):711-725.
[2] 郑束蕾.地理空间认知理论与地图工具的发展[J].测绘学报,2021,50(6):766-776.
[3] 郭仁忠,陈业滨,马丁,等.论ICT时
[4] SWELLER J.Cognitive load during problem solving:effects on learning[J].Cognitive Science,1988,12(2):257-285.
[5] 查先进,黄程松,严亚兰,等.国外认知负荷理论应用研究进展[J].情报学报,2020,39(5):547-556.
[6] KIEFER P,GIANNOPOULOS I,DUCHOWSKI A,et al.Measuring cognitive load for map tasks through pupil diameter[M]//Geographic Information Science.Cham:Springer International Publishing,2016:323-337.
[7] BIONDI F N,SABERI B,GRAF F,et al.Distracted worker:using pupil size and blink rate to detect cognitive load during manufacturing tasks[J].Applied Ergonomics,2023,106:103867.
[8] FRANKE C,SCHWEIKART J.Mental representation of landmarks on maps:investigating cartographic visualization methods with eye tracking technology[J].Spatial Cognition & Computation,2017,17(1/2):20-38.
[9] FANG Hao,XIN Shiwei,ZHANG Yanlin,et al.Assessing the influence of landmarks and paths on the navigational efficiency and the cognitive load of indoor maps[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2020,9(2):82.
[10] ÇÖLTEKIN A,BRYCHTOVÁ A,GRIFFIN A L,et al.Perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps:a user evaluation of color organization in legend designs using eye tracking[J].International Journal of Digital Earth,2017,10(6):560-581.
[11] LIAO Hua,DONG Weihua,PENG Chen,et al.Exploring differences of visual attention in pedestrian navigation when using 2D maps and 3D geo-browsers[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2017,44(6):474-490.
[12] DONG Weihua,LIAO Hua,LIU Bing,et al.Comparing pedestrians' gaze behavior in desktop and in real environments[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2020,47(5):432-451.
[13] DONG Weihua,QIN Tong,YANG Tianyu,et al.Wayfinding behavior and spatial knowledge acquisition:are they the same in virtual reality and in real-world environments?[J].Annals of the American Association of Geographers,2022,112(1):226-246.
[14] CYBULSKI P.Effectiveness of memorizing an animated route-comparing satellite and road map differences in the eye-tracking study[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2021,10(3):159.
[15] KESKIN M,OOMS K,DOGRU A O,et al.Exploring the cognitive load of expert and novice map users using EEG and eye tracking[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2020,9(7):429.
[16] 黄丽娜,张定娆,应申,等.桌面式虚拟环境与真实环境中个体特征影响空间认知能力的差异分析[J].测绘学报,2021,50(4):509-521.
[17] 应申,庄园,黄丽娜,等.性别和认知差异对三维空间寻路结果的影响[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2020,45(3):317-324.
[18] 应申,张雯博,苏俊如,等.地球球观认知分析:以谷歌地球上的寻路任务为例[J].测绘学报,2021,50(6):739-748.
[19] KESKIN M,OOMS K.Possibilities of eye tracking and EEG integration for visual search on 2D maps[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Eye Trackey for Spatial Research.Zurich:[s.n.],2018.
[20] KAPAJ A,LIN Enru,LANINI-MAGGI S.The effect of abstract vs.realistic 3D visualization on landmark and route knowledge acquisition (short paper)[C]//Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Spatial Information Theorg.Kobe:[s.n.],2022.
[21] CHRISTEN M,BRUGGER P,FABRIKANT S I.Susceptibility of domain experts to color manipulation indicate a need for design principles in data visualization[J].PLoS One,2021,16(2):e0246479.
[22] 崔琰,米凯强,房文博,等.国外认知地图在城市规划研究中的进程和展望——基于文献计量学的可视化解析[J].住宅与房地产,2023(33):27-31.
[23] 冯健.北京城市居民的空间感知与意象空间结构[J].地理科学,2005,25(2):142-154.
[24] 张新红,苏建宁,魏书威.兰州城市居民意象空间及其结构研究[J].人文地理,2010,25(2):54-60.
[25] 柴彦威,王德,甄峰,等.中国城市空间结构[M].北京:科学出版社,2021.
[26] 张泠然.城市核心区居住空间布局形态比较研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016.
[27] 刘斐,杨璐嘉,陈韵卿,等.基于眼动追踪的旅游导航地图锚点与参照系设置对空间认知过程的影响研究[J].旅游科学,2021,35(6):33-49.
[28] 郑束蕾.个性化地图的认知机理研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2015.
[29] 郭子慧,郭伟伟,谭墍元.驾驶员接管自动驾驶车辆的眼动特性和行为分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2022,32(1):65-71.
[30] 董卫华,廖华,詹智成,等.2008年以来地图学眼动与视觉认知研究新进展[J].地理学报,2019,74(3):599-614.
[31] LLOYD R E,BUNCH R L.Explaining map-reading performance efficiency:gender,memory,and geographic information[J].Cartography and geographic information science,2008,35(3):171-202.