测绘通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (8): 168-173.doi: 10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2026.0824

• 技术交流 • 上一篇    

坡度约束下单波束无人船近岸测量盲区校正方法

褚夫玉1, 臧炳贵1, 张心怡2, 康建荣3, 胡海峰4, 相涛1, 王传广1   

  1. 1. 山东省水利勘测设计院有限公司, 山东 济南 250013;
    2. 山东产业技术研究院, 山东 济南 250102;
    3. 江苏师范大学, 江苏 徐州 221116;
    4. 太原理工大学, 山西 太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2026-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 臧炳贵。E-mail:738455497@qq.com
  • 作者简介:褚夫玉(1992—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事3S技术集成与应用研究工作。E-mail:37132195@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52074133)

Blind zone correction method for nearshore measurement of single beam unmanned vessels with slope constraints

Chu Fuyu1, Zang Binggui1, Zhang Xinyi2, Kang Jianrong3, Hu Haifeng4, Xiang Tao1, Wang Chuanguang1   

  1. 1. Shandong Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China;
    2. Shandong Institutes of Industrial Technology, Jinan 250102, China;
    3. Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
    4. Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
  • Received:2025-11-20 Published:2026-09-12

摘要: [目的] 单波束无人船是进行水深测量或水下地形测绘的重要工具。针对其在近岸测量中存在的数据采集不完整与船体搁浅风险问题,本文提出了一种坡度约束的测量路径优化方法。[方法] 该方法通过构建岸坡坡度、船体几何参数与换能器探测极限的数学模型,计算船体与岸坡的最佳安全距离,并利用河道中心线、水位线优化无人船测量路径,以平衡作业安全性与数据完整性。[结果] 河道断面测量试验结果显示,当船体尺寸与换能器探测极限固定时,岸坡坡度是影响船体与岸坡安全距离的关键驱动因素。与传统路径相比,优化路径能根据坡度动态调整安全距离。相较于原始测量成果,沿优化路径的测量数据量提升范围为0.039%~0.797%,实现了更完整的数据采集,克服了传统单波束测深在复杂地形中的数据遗漏缺陷。[结论] 该方法通过坡度动态调整测量路径,兼顾船体安全性与数据采集完整性,适用于非直立岸坡场景,且硬件成本低、操作效率高,为单波束无人船近岸水深反演提供了可推广的理论指导。未来研究可结合无人船搭载三维建模模块实时分析边坡地形,并整合人工智能预测近岸水下数据。

关键词: 单波束, 无人船, 水深测量, 近岸测量, 坡度, 路径规划

Abstract: [Purposes] Single beam unmanned vessels serve as critical tools for water depth measurement and underwater topographic mapping.To address the challenges of incomplete data acquisition and the risk of hull grounding during nearshore operations,this study proposes a measurement path optimization method incorporating slope constraints. [Methods] The method establishes a mathematical model that considers the gradient of the bank slope,the geometric parameters of the vessel,and the detection range of the transducer to calculate the optimal safe distance between the hull and the shoreline.By integrating the river centerline and water level line,the measurement path is optimized to balance operational safety and data completeness. [Findings] The river cross-section measurement experiments results indicate that with fixed vessel dimensions and transducer detection limits,the slope of the bank is the primary factor influencing the safe distance.Compared to traditional measurement paths,the optimized path enables dynamic adjustment of the safety distance based on slope variations.Compared with the original measurement results,the data volume collected along the optimized path has increased by 0.039% to 0.797%,enabling more comprehensive data acquisition and effectively addressing the issue of data omission associated with traditional single beam sounding in complex terrains. [Conclusions] This method effectively balances hull safety and data completeness,making it suitable for nearshore environments with non-vertical slopes.It offers advantages such as low hardware cost and high operational efficiency,providing a scalable theoretical framework for nearshore water depth inversion using single beam unmanned vessels.Future research may integrate unmanned vessels with 3D modeling modules for real-time slope terrain analysis and employ artificial intelligence for nearshore underwater data prediction.

Key words: single beam, unmanned vessel, water depth measurement, nearshore measurement, slope, path planning

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