祁连山地区积雪覆盖与雪线时空变化特征及影响因素

doi:10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2025.1226

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 祁连山地区地处青藏高原东北部边缘,素有“冰源水库”之称,是支撑河西走廊水资源的“生命之源”。本文基于MODIS积雪产品分析了祁连山地区2011—2020年积雪覆盖与雪线的时空变化特征,并结合气温、降水数据分析了影响其变化的主导气候因素。研究结果表明:①祁连山地区以短日数积雪区为主,终年积雪区主要分布在祁连山地区西段。②终年积雪区与永久雪线空间分布差异明显,在流域上呈现出西段大于东段的特征,在海拔上呈现出正态分布的特征,东北坡向的终年积雪区面积高于西南坡向,永久雪线高度低于西南坡向。③季节积雪区面积年内变化总体上呈现出先下降、后上升的趋势,季节气温和降水量变化与季节积雪变化相关性显著。④西段高海拔山区的气温变化对积雪覆盖的影响较弱,降水形成的积雪积累对终年积雪区和永久雪线的影响更为显著;东段低海拔地区的积雪难以常年积累,积雪消融期的太阳辐射和雨水冲刷对终年积雪区和永久雪线的影响更为显著。

关键词: 祁连山地区, 积雪覆盖, 雪线, 时空变化, MODIS

Abstract: The Qilian Mountains is located on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.It has always been known as the ice source reservoir and is the source of life that supports the water resources of the Hexi Corridor.Based on MODIS snow cover products,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of snow cover and snow line in Qilian Mountains from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed,and the dominant climatic factors affecting their changes were analyzed in combination with temperature and precipitation data.Research results show that: ①The Qilian Mountains are dominated by short-day snow areas,and the annual snow areas are mainly distributed in the western part of the Qilian Mountains.②The spatial distribution of the whole year snow area and the permanent snow line is obviously different.The western section is larger than the eastern section in the basin,and the altitude shows the characteristics of normal distribution.The area of the whole year snow area in the northeast slope direction is higher than that in the southwest slope direction,and the height of the permanent snow line is lower than that in the southwest slope direction.③The annual variation of seasonal snow cover area generally shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.The changes of seasonal temperature and precipitation are significantly correlated with the changes of seasonal snow cover.④The influence of temperature change on snow cover in the high-altitude mountainous area of the western section is weak,and the snow accumulation caused by precipitation has a more significant impact on the annual snow cover area and the permanent snow line.The snow cover in the low altitude area of the eastern section is difficult to accumulate all year round,and the influence of solar radiation and rain erosion during the snow melting period on the annual snow cover area and the permanent snow line is more significant.

Key words: Qilian Mountains, snow cover, snow line, spatio-temporal variation, MODIS

中图分类号:

P208

苏学武, 王永红, 秦坤, 成王玉, 王国玺. 祁连山地区积雪覆盖与雪线时空变化特征及影响因素[J]. 测绘通报, 2025, 0(12): 150-157.

SU Xuewu, WANG Yonghong, QIN Kun, CHENG Wangyu, WANG Guoxi. Spatio-temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of snow cover and snow line in Qilian Mountains[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2025, 0(12): 150-157.

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