2001—2020年新疆草地退化遥感监测及影响因子

doi:10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2024.0601

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于气候变化加剧、过度放牧和开垦等原因,新疆草地退化等生态问题愈发引起关注。本文采用MODIS NDVI遥感数据对2001—2020年新疆草地退化状况进行监测分析,通过像元二分模型、基于覆盖度变化的草地退化指数、冷/热点分析等方法,依据草地退化等级划分国家标准,明晰新疆草地退化的时空特征,并分析其影响因子。结果表明:①新疆草地覆盖度呈上升趋势且变异程度以稳定(55.4%)为主,分布呈现由北向南逐渐递减的趋势。②近20年新疆草地盖度退化等级处于中轻度退化状况,北疆以未退化、轻度退化为主,东疆、南疆均以轻、中度退化为主。③新疆草地退化指数总体呈下降趋势,北疆呈先增后减趋势,东疆持续减小,南疆略微增加。冷/热格局表现为冷点增强、热点缩小;即草地退化情况减弱,正在逐渐恢复。④人类活动导致草地类型主要转变为裸地和农田,草地面积减少了167.6万hm²,气温对草地覆盖度表现出均温抑制、最高温促进、最低温抑制;降水对草地覆盖度表现出促进作用。本文结果可以在区域尺度上对新疆草地退化情况进行针对性指导,并为保护草地及恢复生态提供决策依据。

关键词: 草地, 植被覆盖度, 草地退化指数, 空间冷/热点分析, 影响因子

Abstract: Due to climate change, overgrazing and overcultivation, grassland degradation and other ecological problems in Xinjiang have attracted increasing attention. In this study, MODIS NDVI remote sensing data products are used to monitor and analyze the grassland status in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2020. The pixel binary model, grassland degradation index based on coverage change, cold/hot spot analysis and other methods are used to obtain the temporal and spatial characteristics of grassland degradation in Xinjiang according to the national standard of grassland degradation grade classification, and then the influencing factors are analyzed. The results show that:①the coverage of grassland in Xinjiang is increasing with a main variation degree of stability (55.4%), and the distribution shows a gradually decreasing trend from north to south.②In the past 20 years, the degradation level of grassland coverage in Xinjiang was in a state of moderate to mild degradation, with the north mainly in an undegraded or mildly degraded state, while the east and south were mainly in a state of mild to moderate degradation, and the grassland was in a recovering trend during different study periods.③The grassland degradation index in Xinjiang shows an overall downward trend, increasing first and then decreasing in northern Xinjiang, decreasing continuously in eastern Xinjiang, and slightly increasing in southern Xinjiang. The cold/hot pattern shows that the cold spot increases and the hot spot decreases. It means, grassland degradation has weakened and is gradually recovering.④The grassland type caused by human activities is mainly transformed into bare land and farmland, and the grassland area decreases by 1.676 million hm². The temperature shows a mean temperature inhibition, a high-temperature promotion, and a low-temperature inhibition effect on the grass coverage.Precipitation has a promoting effect on grassland coverage.The results of this study can provide targeted guidance for the degradation of grassland in Xinjiang at the regional scale and provide a decision-making basis for the protection and restoration of the ecological environment.

Key words: grassland, vegetation coverage, grass degradation index, cold/hot spot analysis, influencing factors

中图分类号:

P237

马丽莎, 郑江华, 彭建, 李刚勇, 韩万强, 刘亮. 2001—2020年新疆草地退化遥感监测及影响因子[J]. 测绘通报, 2024, 0(6): 1-7.

MA Lisha, ZHENG Jianghua, PENG Jian, LI Gangyong, HAN Wanqiang, LIU Liang. Remote sensing monitoring and influencing factors analysis of grassland degradation in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2020[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2024, 0(6): 1-7.

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